摘要
Covid-19 eruption and lockdown situation have increased the usages of online platforms which have impacted the users. Cyberbullying is one of the negative outcomes of using social media platforms which leads to mental and physical distress. This study proposes a machine learning-based approach for the detection of cyberbullying in Hinglish text. We use the Hinglish Code-Mixed Corpus, which consists of over 6,000 tweets, for our experiments. We use various machine learning algorithms, including Logistic regression (LR), Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), to train our models. We evaluate the performance of the models using standard evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. Our experiments show that the LR with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) outperforms the other models, achieving 92% accuracy. Our study demonstrates that machine learning models can be effective for cyberbullying detection in Hinglish text, and the proposed approach can help identify and prevent cyberbullying on social media platforms. © 2023 Bharati Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.
摘要
Introduction: Histoplasmosis is caused by the dimorphic fungus - Histoplasma capsulatum. The presentation of histoplasmosis is often disseminated, though primary intestinal involvement can rarely be seen in patients with cell mediated immune dysfunction like in patients with AIDS. We report a case of renal allograft recipient, who had history of COVID 19 infection and also underwent anti-rejection treatment for renal graft dysfunction, presented with chronic diarrhea and was diagnosed as a case of colonic histoplasmosis. Method(s): We report a case of 45 years old male who underwent renal transplant surgery one and a half year prior (February 2021) and was having stable graft function on tacrolimus, mycophenolate and steroid. He had history of fever and diarrhea in February 2022 and was diagnosed COVID-19 positive with RT-PCR, and was treated conservatively with intravenous dexamethasone and lowering of immunosuppressants. He had mild graft dysfunction in April 2022;renal graft biopsy had acute T-Cell mediated rejection (Banff Grade 1 B) and was treated with pulse steroids for 3 days. He had complaint of intermittent diarrhea, weight loss and intermittent fever since May 2022. He was evaluated and treated on outpatient basis with empirical oral antibiotics. He was admitted in June 2022 with complaint of high grade fever, loose stools leading to hypovolemic shock and renal dysfunction. He had marked thrombocytopenia and neutrophilic leukocytosis. He showed initial response to intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics and crystalloids, but intermittently symptoms of increased stool frequency and altered consistency were still persisting. Stool studies for ova, cyst, parasites and clostridium difficile were negative. Indian ink staining of stool sample had no evidence of Cryptococcosis. Serum PCR for cytomegalovirus was also negative. CT abdomen showed normal visualized bowel and other viscera. Upper GI endoscopy was unremarkable. Colonoscopy revealed multiple small ulcers with erythematous hue and clean base particularly in ceacum and along ascending colon. Multiple colonic biopsies were taken. Histopathology showed lymphoplasmacytic infilterate in the lamina propria. It also showed increased presence of foamy histiocytes, several of which also showed interacellular organism bearing a pseudocapsule. PAS stain also confirmed budding of these interacellular organisms which is consistent with Histoplasmosis. His HRCT chest revealed hyperinflated lungs, cylindrical bronchiectasis in left upper lobe. Urine for histoplasma antigenuria was negative. Result(s): He was treated with intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for initial two weeks followed by oral itraconazole. His symptoms responded remarkably to the treatment. In view of persisting thrombocytopenia and histoplasmosis his mycophenolate was stopped and tacrolimus was titrated as per trough levels Conclusion(s): Colonic histoplasmosis is associated with significant mortatlity and morbidity. Prolonged use of immunosuprresants, use of antirejection therapies (like high dose pulse methyl prednisolone and bortezomib) and even in some case reports COVID 19 infection have shown to increase the risk of histoplasmosis. Primary and isolated colonic histoplasmosis like in this case can be the atypical presentation which emphasizes the importance of maintaining a low threshold for consideration of histoplasmosis in renal allograft recipients. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023
摘要
The world has confronted outcomes of COVID-19;it has affected every person from one corner to other corner of this planet. The students and teachers have quickly shifted to online mode of teaching. This sudden transformation from traditional to online teaching has come-up with some challenges as well as opportunities. The main objective of this study is to facilitate a device to determine the issues faced by teachers and students during online mode. An online survey is conducted to collect the issues faced by teachers during the online mode and thereafter a portable device is proposed to facilitate online learning. This is an extremely low-cost and portable device which enables the teachers to use the given canvas area just like a writing board. To find the usefulness of the device one more survey was conducted among the teachers, and it has been found that the given solution is more viable while online mode. © The Electrochemical Society
摘要
COVID-19 has harmed millions of people including both patients as well as frontline health workers. There is need to protect frontline health workers as they are the backbone of healthcare system. The existing face shields worn by these workers do protect them but lacks in technology intervention. As a result, healthcare professionals are facing one major issue. The utmost issue is to measure their own body temperature at regular intervals as this process needs removal of hand gloves, PPE (Personal protective equipment) kit and face shield. This is really inconvenient and needs a safe and reliable solution. This paper is disclosing an innovative solution by offering a technologically advanced face shield capable of measuring a body temperature without the need of removing a face shield and a PPE kit. This face shield is designed in solid-works and printed within the university premises using a 3D printer. The sensors were then placed inside this 3D printed assembly. This face shield was then handed over for regular use to faculty and students of health sciences. This innovation received positive feedback from the healthcare professionals. The overall mean score of 4.59 out of 5 indicate that this product is worthy in every facet. © 2021 IEEE
摘要
Covid-19 has been a great disaster for the entire world. It is caused by the novel coronavirus, which is highly contagious. Detection of Covid-19 can be done either through saliva or through a CT scan. Given the scale at which this Covid-19 can spread, an automated detection is required which can be adopted at large scale. In this work, we focus on the detection of Covid-19 through CT scan images. Our work evaluates well-known CNN architecture-based models in different experimental settings: fine-tuning, removal of pre-trained layers, and data augmentation. For evaluation, we use the dataset of images comprising Covid-19 CT scans. We analyze the performance of VGG-16, InceptionNet, and ResNet. After rigorous experiments, the InceptionNet model performs the best with 0.99 AUC outperforming the prior work (which claimed 0.98 AUC), with the training accuracy and testing accuracy of 99.94% and 96.43%, respectively. Furthermore, we also perform explainability experiments on both Covid and Non-Covid CT-Scan images. © 2021 IEEE.
摘要
Objective: The objectives of this study were to measure the global impact of the pandemic on the volumes for intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with two control 4-month periods. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread repercussions on the delivery of health care worldwide. Design/Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by ICD-10 codes and/or classifications in stroke center databases. Results: There were 91,373 stroke admissions in the 4 months immediately before compared to 80,894 admissions during the pandemic months, representing an 11.5% (95%CI,-11.7 to-11.3, p<0.0001) decline. There were 13,334 IVT therapies in the 4 months preceding compared to 11,570 procedures during the pandemic, representing a 13.2% (95%CI,-13.8 to-12.7, p<0.0001) drop. Interfacility IVT transfers decreased from 1,337 to 1,178, or an 11.9% decrease (95%CI,-13.7 to-10.3, p=0.001). There were greater declines in primary compared to comprehensive stroke centers (CSC) for stroke hospitalizations (-17.3% vs-10.3%, p<0.0001) and IVT (-15.5% vs-12.6%, p=0.0001). Recovery of stroke hospitalization volume (9.5%, 95%CI 9.2-9.8, p<0.0001) was noted over the two later (May, June) versus the two earlier (March, April) months of the pandemic, with greater recovery in hospitals with lower COVID-19 hospitalization volume, high volume stroke center, and CSC. There was a 1.48% stroke rate across 119,967 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was noted in 3.3% (1,722/52,026) of all stroke admissions. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a global decline in the volume of stroke hospitalizations, IVT, and interfacility IVT transfers. Primary stroke centers and centers with higher COVID19 inpatient volumes experienced steeper declines. Recovery of stroke hospitalization was noted in the later pandemic months, with greater recovery in hospitals with lower COVID-19 hospitalizations, high volume stroke centers, and CSCs.
摘要
The treatment of medical waste requires a unique approach so as to adhere to the basic environment norms as well as fulfilling the necessity of health and safety of the population. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has thrown an open challenge to tackle the ever-increasing amount of plastics and other materials that are observing an exponential growth in the composition of medical waste. Plasma Gasification technology has proven to be quite beneficial in handling almost all types of medical waste. This technology has strengthened the concept of the circular economy by utilization the byproducts as valuable input to other materials. This research paper has reviewed the current status of the application of Plasma Gasification in handling medical waste. The review has checked the applicability of the technology in handling medical waste as well as studied the feasibility of the process via various research articles. The study has suggested the steps which need to be taken so as to make the technology commercially viable in the Indian scenario. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
摘要
Study Objectives: Mobile Integrated Health (MIH) programs combine community paramedicine and telemedicine to deliver urgent medical care in patient homes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, MIH has significant potential to mitigate concerns about COVID-19 infection from seeking urgent care in health care settings. The MIGHTy Heart (“Using Mobile Integrated Health and Telehealth to Support Transitions of Care among Heart Failure Patients”) study is a comparative effectiveness pragmatic trial comparing a transitions of care coordinator to MIH. Recruitment began in January 2021, 10 months into the pandemic. Existing challenges to patient engagement in research have become more pronounced during the pandemic;studies show that pre-COVID-19, less than 50% of trials met proposed timelines for recruitment, and early evidence suggests this number has dropped during the pandemic. Here we report on the challenges and solutions for recruiting patients in emergency medicine-focused programs during the COVID-19 pandemic in the first 5 months of recruitment. Methods: We convened a Stakeholder Engagement Board (SEB) including nurses, patients, community paramedics, and case managers. We conducted a descriptive, thematic synthesis of the SEB discussions to address the challenges. We implemented strategies for increased enrollment generated by the SEB two months into the MIGHTy Heart study and evaluated changes in the proportion of patients enrolled among those who were eligible for the study before and after implementation of these strategies. Results: We identified 4 significant COVID-related challenges to recruitment into the MIGHTY-Heart study. COVID-19 patients excluded from inpatient recruitment: 18% of screened patients (n=287) were COVID-19 positive while inpatient, and hospital policy prevented the team from approaching them in contact isolation. Limited family presence: the hospital visitor policy restricts visiting hours to 4 hours and 1 family member. Patients are more likely to participate if the decision is made with a family member. Due to COVID-19, patients are more reticent to allow any health care providers in their homes out of concern for possibly infecting other family members with COVID-19. Mandatory mask wearing in the hospital has posed barriers to communication, especially for some of the elderly patients, who may rely on visual and auditory cues for verbal communication. From the SEB, we identified 3 strategies to support patient engagement. Virtual recruitment: after discharge, patients who were COVID-19 positive were contacted by phone or email. Patients were emailed the informed consent and study materials and mailed gift cards. Family engagement: per patient request, the research assistants would call patient’s family members if they were not at the bedside at the time of recruitment to explain the study and answer any questions that family members might have. Study materials were left at the patient’s bedside for patients to read and share with family members in advance of deciding to enroll in the study. The proportion of eligible patients who enrolled in MIGHTy Heart increased from 28-32% before these strategies were implemented to 46-52% in the months after implementation (Figure 1). Conclusion: The novel solutions developed by the SEB and study team increased enrollment in the MIH program. These strategies may be useful for others facing challenges to recruitment in emergency medicine-related programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Formula presented]
摘要
In a country like India, where the major decease are been caused because of the Air pollution, which has affected around 4 million lives because of this pollution only, the cause of the rise in Air pollution is not only from the factories but also the vehicles which use to run on the streets as corona-virus can stay in the air for around 30 minutes, which can cause problems to millions of lives moving on the street, mostly the poor. In India air pollution has rated to almost least in the past 20 years which has contributed to the break from spreading.In India, Delhi and other most populated states stated a drastic downfall in Air pollution with about 60 percent decline in air pollution of PM - 2.5 particularly known as "fine particulate matters" in Delhi when compared with 2019 while the pollution control in other countries couldn't see much change and which has also seen a rise in corona-virus cases.In this paper we have analyzed the impact of rising in the number of the corona-virus cases concerning the most polluted cities to state the actual scenario that is air pollution leads to a rise in a pandemic situation. This paper is primarily based on secondary sources of data collection including the state-wise downfall in the level of air pollution, impact on the environment from the deadly disease i.e. Corona-virus, prospects, impact on the health of the individual. © 2021 Karadeniz Technical University. All rights reserved.